The Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) ceramic powders were synthesized by solidstate reaction method. The evolution of phase structure and micromorphology of BiFeO3 powders at various calcining conditions were investigated.Results showed that the dominated impurity phase Bi25FeO40 was observed at low calcining temperature and short calcining time. With increasing calcining temperature and time,the impurity phase was reduced and the BiFeO3 phase was significantly increased.However, when the calcining temperature was too high or the calcining time was too long, a large number of impurity phase Bi2Fe4O9 was presented and the agglomeration and abnormal growth of particle was observed.800 ℃ and 1 h was found to be the optimum reaction condition.In addition, dilute nitric acid was used to eliminate the impurity phase in products and the relatively uniform and pure BiFeO3 powder could be obtained for further study and application.